Answer: Voltage Regulation is the difference between the sending-end
voltage ($V_S$) and the receiving-end voltage ($V_R$), expressed as a
percentage of the receiving-end voltage. It measures how much the voltage
drops due to the line's resistance and inductance when a load is connected.
Mathematical Expression:
$$\% \text{ Voltage Regulation} = \frac{V_S - V_R}{V_R} \times 100$$
Impact & Significance:
✔ Stability: The lower the regulation percentage, the better. It means the
voltage stays steady even as the load varies.
✔ Equipment Health: High regulation causes voltage fluctuations that can
damage sensitive electronics and motors.
✔ Control: Knowing regulation helps engineers decide where to install voltage
control equipment (like tap-changers) to keep the supply within prescribed
limits.